Bill Gates: Solar is not the energy solution Africa needs -- BUT HOW WE GO ?
Bill Gates once again shunned solar power from his vision for energy access in Africa in his talk at the University of
Pretoria in South Africa on Sunday, where he argued that whilst “cheap, clean
energy” is what Africa needs, solar does not fit the bill.
During the delivery of his Nelson Mandela
Annual Lecture, the Microsoft founder and philanthropist identified that
Africa, like the rest of the world, is in need of a “breakthrough energy
miracle that provides cheap, clean energy for everyone.”
Africa is more dependent on such a
phenomenon than other continents, because seven in ten Africans still lack
power at present, while more than 500 million Africans still will not have
electricity by 2040.
This is not the first time Gates has taken
a less than welcoming stance to solar power. In February, during an interview
with a news outlet, he echoed a similar thought. "When I say 'an energy
miracle'," he said, "I mean that there will be some form of energy
whose 24-hour cost really is competitive with hydrocarbons given, say, 20 years
of learning curve.
"You invent it, then you look at how
much its costs go down over the next 20 years, that it really beats
hydrocarbons.
"You might say, well, aren’t people
saying that about wind and solar today? Not really. Only in the super-narrow
sense that the capital costs per output, when the wind is blowing, is slightly
lower."
In fact, Gates has been advocating
anti-solar sentiment for a while. In 2014, he blogged about energy poverty,
arguing for outdated fossil fuel solutions to tackle the electricity deficit in
underdeveloped economies, characterising energy poverty as a climate issue.
Solar is ‘not enough’
In the speech on Sunday, the software
entrepreneur recommended increased investment in renewables, namely hydropower
and geothermal. He went on to argue that recently launched solar power
initiatives have not been enough:
“There has been a lot of experimentation with small-scale renewable
energy, including micro solar,” he said. “This approach can provide individuals
with some electricity for basic purposes, but it’s not going to be the solution
for the continent as a whole.”
PV Tech contacted the South African
Photovoltaic Industry Association (SAPVIA), who vehemently disagreed with
Gates’ sentiments.
“To downplay the role that solar photovoltaics (PV) can play as part
of a unique African energy mix in the strive to alleviate Africa’s energy
constraints would be irresponsible,” a spokesperson said, whilst citing data
that should deem solar a ‘no brainer’ solution for
Africa: “Africa has 7 of the 10 sunniest countries on earth and, according to
IHS Technology, a US-based economic and energy market research company,
Africa’s total solar power–generating capacity is projected to reach 3,380MW by
2017.”
Solar deployment in Africa
In fact, solar power is undergoing rapid
deployment and implementation as many countries across the continent are
battling energy crises and look to alternatives to expensive fossil fuels such
as diesel and coal. A series of feed-in tariffs and solar tenders have offered
a foray into a solution that not only is clean and inexpensive, but is easily
accessible.
In South Africa in particular, the
Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (REIPPPP) has
successfully awarded 965MW of new solar capacity, which SAPVIA points out “is
being delivered on time and on budget”.
“The rapidly escalating uptake of the technology in the rest of
Africa can be clearly seen,” argued SAPVIA. “Expedited solar PV roll-out is
being seen as supportive policies and regulations, such as the Get FIT
Programme are developed and implemented. These policies and programmes,
combined with the drop in the cost of PV technology (currently fully off-grid
solar-PV technologies deployed at site can be deployed for as little as US$
0.15/kWh and they do not require additional expensive transmission networks to
move the electricity around), we see solar PV will make a significant impact
on Africa and its energy challenges.
“One can expect – as has happened in South Africa – as the necessary
supportive policies and regulations are scaled up, the rest of Africa will
experience an increased uptake of solar PV technology. New renewable energy
markets in Africa are already showing greater appeal to international and local
investors – further spurring the uptake of solar PV in African markets.”
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